Meat Cooking Temperatures & Turkey Time
Safe minimum internal temperatures for beef, pork, poultry, fish and leftovers (USDA), plus a turkey roasting time calculator by weight.
How to use
- 1Enter your turkey's weight and whether it's stuffed.
- 2Use the temperature table for all meats — measure in the thickest part, away from bone.
How it's calculated
USDA: unstuffed turkey at 325 °F ≈ 13–15 min per lb; stuffed ≈ 15–17 min per lb. Always finish at 165 °F in the thickest part of the breast, thigh and the stuffing.
Frequently asked questions
Why do steaks only need 145 °F but burgers need 160 °F?
Bacteria live on the surface of whole cuts, which searing kills. Grinding spreads them through the meat, so it must be cooked through.
What is carryover cooking?
Meat keeps rising in temperature after leaving the oven — often 5–10 °F for roasts — so remove it slightly early and let it rest.
How long does a frozen turkey take to thaw?
In the fridge, about 24 hours for every 4–5 lb.